chapter_20_section_1_notes.ppt | |
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The 1960 Presidential Election
This 3:20 clip covers the 1960 Presidential Campaign in detail between JFK and Nixon. It shows TV commercials, discusses Kennedy's background in politics, the Kennedy "firsts" listed in the paragraphs below, the impact of the 1st TV debates on voters, and the close results.
Kennedy's Inauguration
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) became the 35th President of the U.S. on January 20th, 1951. He was President for less than 3 full years due to his assasination (more detail in Section 2). Kennedy's election marked many firsts for the United States.
A. At 43, Kennedy was the youngest president to be elected. He replaced the oldest president (Eisenhower) to
serve as president at that time (Reagan is the oldest ever... but that didn't happen until the 1980s).
B. Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to serve as American president.
C. Kennedy was also the first, and to this date, the only Catholic elected president.
Kennedy's inaugural address was the second-shortest inaugural address ever delivered, taking around 14 minutes from first word to last word. Despite it being short, It is one of the most widely quoted Presidential speeches ever (see quotes 3 - 5 below the picture) and one of the most memorable (if you ask Americans that lived through it). It is the first inaugural address delivered to a televised audience in color (very few people had color TV's still... but they started to become available in the late 50s). The speech emphasized several themes: maintaining peace throughout the world, regular public service for average Americans (which was later realized through the administration's Peace Corps effort), cooperation with Latin American nations, and an increased emphasis on manned space exploration.
A. At 43, Kennedy was the youngest president to be elected. He replaced the oldest president (Eisenhower) to
serve as president at that time (Reagan is the oldest ever... but that didn't happen until the 1980s).
B. Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to serve as American president.
C. Kennedy was also the first, and to this date, the only Catholic elected president.
Kennedy's inaugural address was the second-shortest inaugural address ever delivered, taking around 14 minutes from first word to last word. Despite it being short, It is one of the most widely quoted Presidential speeches ever (see quotes 3 - 5 below the picture) and one of the most memorable (if you ask Americans that lived through it). It is the first inaugural address delivered to a televised audience in color (very few people had color TV's still... but they started to become available in the late 50s). The speech emphasized several themes: maintaining peace throughout the world, regular public service for average Americans (which was later realized through the administration's Peace Corps effort), cooperation with Latin American nations, and an increased emphasis on manned space exploration.
5 famous Kennedy quotes from speeches:
- If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
- Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind.
- Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Inauguration)
- Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today, at home and around the world. (Inauguration)
- And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country. (Inauguration)
- If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
- Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind.
- Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Inauguration)
- Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today, at home and around the world. (Inauguration)
- And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country. (Inauguration)
Kennedy's Family
The picture shows the Kennedy family on vacation in Massachusetts. The term "Camelot" eventually was applied to the Kennedy's presidency by his wife, Jacqueline. Camelot refers to the seat of the court of the legendary King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table; it has come to mean a place or time of idealism and extreme happiness. Shortly after John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, the former first lady was talking with a journalist. She described the years of her husband's presidency (1960–63) as an American Camelot, a period of hope and optimism in U. S. history, and asked that his memory be preserved.
This 4 minute clip is split into 2 parts. The first 1:50 includes many soundbites from Kennedy speeches including his inauguration, the Camelot feeling of his presidency, and the importance of his advisors (especially his younger brother Robert). The last 2:10 discusses content in Section 2 including his New Frontier domestic policy, the development of the Peace Corps and its impact around the world, and the establishment of the Alliance for Progress in Central America.
The Berlin Crisis and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
This 3 minute clip has 2 parts. The 1st 1:55 briefly discusses the reasoning for the construction of the Berlin Wall and parts of Kennedy's speech in West Berlin. From 2:32 - end discusses the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Show that portion after the Cuban Missle Crisis.
Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall (TED -Ed)
This 6 and a half minute clip does a great job linking together 45 years of history in Germany... including it being divided at the end of WWII, the construction of the Berlin Wall, all the escape attempts, and it eventually being torn down in 1989.
Castro
The Cuban Missle Crisis
We may view the movie Thirteen Days during class if time permits. The film is based on the actual events surrounding the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, taking place over the thirteen days in October that the U.S. and the Soviet Union nearly engaged in full-scale nuclear war. After President Kennedy is shown photographs from a U-2 spy plane detailing the presence of missiles in Cuba capable of obliterating massive areas of the U.S., he must immediately decide the most effective course of action for the country. With the aid of best friend and special assistant Kenny O'Donnell (Kevin Costner) and brother Robert, the President must avoid a dire chain of events that could be dictated by the leaders of the U.S. military, who would rather take immediate action and invade Cuba. Kennedy eventually tells the nation of the conflict, which leads to widespread panic. The naval blockade of Cuba issued by Kennedy results in a number of close calls, but the Soviet Union ultimately agrees to withdraw its missiles.
The above trailer shows gives a glimpse of the movie. We may end up watching the entire film in class, but it depends on if time permits.
Cuban Missile Crisis (TED - Ed)
This 5 minute clip summarizes the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the fear that a nuclear war was close to happening, and the resolution of the issue.