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The Harlem Renaissance
During the early 1900s, the African-American middle class began pushing for racial equality. The center of this movement was in New York, where the two largest civil rights groups established their headquarters.
W. E. B. Du Bois led a group of African-American political activists and white civil rights workers and founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Its purpose was to promote civil rights and fight African-American disenfranchisement (being stopped from voting). The NAACP still exists today.
At this same time, Marcus Garvey (pictured above) began his promotion of the “Back to Africa movement.” Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which called for the reuniting of all people of African ancestry into one community with one absolute government. The movement not only encouraged African-Americans to come together, but to also feel pride in their heritage and race.
Together, these groups helped to establish a sense of community and pride for African-Americans not only in New York, but also around the country. In addition, they provided an opportunity for whites to collaborate with black leaders in an attempt to transform a largely segregated and racist American society.
Instead of using more direct political means to achieve their goals (like they did in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s), African-American civil rights activists in the first half the 1900s frequently used the artists and writers of their culture to work for the goals of civil rights and equality. Jazz music, African-American fine art, and black literature were all absorbed into mainstream American culture, bringing attention to a previously disenfranchised segment of the American population. This blossoming of African-American culture in European-American society, particularly in the worlds of art, literature, and music, became known as The Harlem Renaissance. This period in history reached its height during the 1920s, and began to fade away by the early 1930s due to the effects of the Great Depression (to be discussed in Chapter 14).
W. E. B. Du Bois led a group of African-American political activists and white civil rights workers and founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Its purpose was to promote civil rights and fight African-American disenfranchisement (being stopped from voting). The NAACP still exists today.
At this same time, Marcus Garvey (pictured above) began his promotion of the “Back to Africa movement.” Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which called for the reuniting of all people of African ancestry into one community with one absolute government. The movement not only encouraged African-Americans to come together, but to also feel pride in their heritage and race.
Together, these groups helped to establish a sense of community and pride for African-Americans not only in New York, but also around the country. In addition, they provided an opportunity for whites to collaborate with black leaders in an attempt to transform a largely segregated and racist American society.
Instead of using more direct political means to achieve their goals (like they did in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s), African-American civil rights activists in the first half the 1900s frequently used the artists and writers of their culture to work for the goals of civil rights and equality. Jazz music, African-American fine art, and black literature were all absorbed into mainstream American culture, bringing attention to a previously disenfranchised segment of the American population. This blossoming of African-American culture in European-American society, particularly in the worlds of art, literature, and music, became known as The Harlem Renaissance. This period in history reached its height during the 1920s, and began to fade away by the early 1930s due to the effects of the Great Depression (to be discussed in Chapter 14).
Marcus Garvey
Harlem Renaissance Summary
As always, John Green does a good job summarizing what led to the Harlem Renaissance, mentions many different individuals involved with it during the 1920s, and discusses what eventually led to its end (The Great Depression).]
Clip covering content from Sections 2, 3, and 4.
This 5 minute clip has a little bit of everything discussed in the final 3 sections of Chapter 13. It covers American literature, plays, music, art, movies, magazines, sports, and fads of the 1920s. In addition, it discusses changing women's roles and discrimination women faced in the workplace. This is the 5th and last video clip that we watched in class that had ?s that went along with it.