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The 2nd New Deal
2 Years after FDR was inaugurated, he looked at all the programs that had been put in place and realized that it wasn't doing enough to change the condition of the country. It is at that point that he and Congress work together to launch the 2nd New Deal. This is considered to be the group of programs put into effect from around 1935 - 1938. The major purpose of it is to create more jobs due to unemployment rates that were still really high around the country. In order to pay for these workers, the government borrowed $$$ (deficit spending) from other countries (governments and investors), the wealthy in our country, and (this is confusing and I'm not going to even attempt to explain it here...) the national government itself.
Major pieces of legislation include:
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Created in 1935, the WPA was an effort to make critics of the 1st New Deal (especially followers of Huey Long) happy by providing more direct assistance from the federal government. The WPA was similar to the Public Works Administration of the First New Deal, this time hiring nearly 10 million Americans to construct new public buildings, roads, and bridges. Congress spent over $10 billion on the projects in just under a decade.
The Social Security Act - Created in 1935, Social Security was a federal retiree pension system for many workers, funded by a double tax on every working American’s paycheck. The act also created an unemployment insurance plan to provide temporary assistance to those who were out of work, while also making funds available to the blind and physically disabled. The Act had an enormous impact on Great Depression–era Americans and future generations. It was definitely the change that impacted more Americans (back then and still today) than any other as it not only gave income to some of the most poor people in society but also forever changed the way Americans thought about work and retirement. The paycheck taxes were advertised as a personal retirement savings plan even though those tax dollars were actually being used as soon as they were collected to help out old or poor people at the time. Retirement came to be seen as something every worker could enjoy.
2 pieces of Legislation for Farmers - The Second New Deal provided even more assistance to farmers. After the Supreme Court declared the 1st Agricultural Adjustment Administration unconstitutional in 1936, Democrats immediately responded with the passage of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act that same year. This act allowed Congress to continue to pay farmers to plant soil-enriching crops (instead of wheat) or to not grow any crops at all. In 1938, Congress also created a Second Agricultural Adjustment Administration to reduce the amount of farmland, having the government buy back extra land from farmers for reasonable prices.
The Wagner Act - This is almost identicial to the NIRA (from section 1) that was declared unconstitutional by courts. It gave the national government the power to protect unions and forced employers to recognize their right to exist. It allowed unions to collectively bargain on behalf of their members (trying to get better pay, working conditions, hours, etc...) and also allowed them to legally strike as a group if they were unhappy with any of it. As part of this Act, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was created to settle all kinds of disputes between management and labor around the country... but it mainly focused on problems that involved big businesses and unions representing large numbers of people.
Major pieces of legislation include:
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Created in 1935, the WPA was an effort to make critics of the 1st New Deal (especially followers of Huey Long) happy by providing more direct assistance from the federal government. The WPA was similar to the Public Works Administration of the First New Deal, this time hiring nearly 10 million Americans to construct new public buildings, roads, and bridges. Congress spent over $10 billion on the projects in just under a decade.
The Social Security Act - Created in 1935, Social Security was a federal retiree pension system for many workers, funded by a double tax on every working American’s paycheck. The act also created an unemployment insurance plan to provide temporary assistance to those who were out of work, while also making funds available to the blind and physically disabled. The Act had an enormous impact on Great Depression–era Americans and future generations. It was definitely the change that impacted more Americans (back then and still today) than any other as it not only gave income to some of the most poor people in society but also forever changed the way Americans thought about work and retirement. The paycheck taxes were advertised as a personal retirement savings plan even though those tax dollars were actually being used as soon as they were collected to help out old or poor people at the time. Retirement came to be seen as something every worker could enjoy.
2 pieces of Legislation for Farmers - The Second New Deal provided even more assistance to farmers. After the Supreme Court declared the 1st Agricultural Adjustment Administration unconstitutional in 1936, Democrats immediately responded with the passage of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act that same year. This act allowed Congress to continue to pay farmers to plant soil-enriching crops (instead of wheat) or to not grow any crops at all. In 1938, Congress also created a Second Agricultural Adjustment Administration to reduce the amount of farmland, having the government buy back extra land from farmers for reasonable prices.
The Wagner Act - This is almost identicial to the NIRA (from section 1) that was declared unconstitutional by courts. It gave the national government the power to protect unions and forced employers to recognize their right to exist. It allowed unions to collectively bargain on behalf of their members (trying to get better pay, working conditions, hours, etc...) and also allowed them to legally strike as a group if they were unhappy with any of it. As part of this Act, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was created to settle all kinds of disputes between management and labor around the country... but it mainly focused on problems that involved big businesses and unions representing large numbers of people.