chapter_18_section_1_notes.ppt | |
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United Nations Brief History and Purpose
The Headquarters of the United Nations
The Headquarters of the United Nations is located on an 18-acre site on the East side of Manhattan. It is an international zone belonging to all Member States. The membership of the United Nations has grown from the original 51 Member States in 1945 to 192 today.
The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences Shape Europe and Germany after WWII
For a pretty good explanation of what these conferences did along with a map showing how Germany (and the capital city of Berlin) was divided into 4 separate sections, go to the Chapter 17 Section 3 portion of this website (under the U.S. History Semester 1 Tab) and scroll down.
Map of the Iron Curtain (NATO vs. Warsaw Pact Nations)
Analyzing Political Cartoons - The "Iron Curtain"
The Marshall Plan Helps Rebuild Much of Western Europe
The Marshall Plan gave over $13 billion in aide to European nations and was key in helping rebuild their post-war economies. By the time U.S. funding ended in 1952, the economies of all the European countries involved were much better than their pre-war levels, and the plan was considered a huge success. George Marshall won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 as a result of his efforts that developed this massive economic recovery for Western Europe following the devastation caused by World War II.
The Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift took place over about a year (from June of 1948 to May of 1949). The U.S. and England flew nearly 300,000 flights and over 2 million tons of supplies (mostly food, medicine, fuel) to over 2 million residents of West Berlin that had been cut off from the rest of civilization by Soviet Union land blockades. The reason the Soviets did this was because they wanted the entire city of Berlin to come under its control. Any attempt by the U.S. or England to break through the land blockades with force might have led to WW3. Any attempts by the Soviet Union to shoot down the flights might have led to WW3. In the end, neither side was willing to use force to stop the other... but the Soviet Union realized that its blockade strategy didn't work and they opened up ground access to West Berlin.
NATO and the Warsaw Pact Explained Plus NATO Today!
Explanation of the Policy of Containment towards Russia
This 4 minute clip begins with Churchill warning the world about Russia, shows countries "influenced" by the Soviet Union after WWII, and explains where the U.S. got the policy of containment from.
Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
This 4 minute clip discusses these 2 topics in good detail.
Everything else in Chapter 18 Section 1
The final 5 minute clip discusses the results of the Potsdam Conference, mainly the splitting up of Germany after the war into 4 zones and the splitting up of the capital city of Berlin into 4 zones. Afterwards, it discusses problems that occurred in Berlin that lead to the Berlin Airlift. Next, an explanation of defense alliances that form (NATO and Warsaw Pact) is given. The final 1 minute and 15 seconds of the video goes with content included in Section 2 (Civil War in China and a preview of the Korean War) and Section 4 (Soviets developing an atomic bomb).
After Hitler Part 2
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5we8ss
I used this video instead of the above ones to explain 2 things. From 22:20 - 24:55 and 26:38 - 27:50 is a description of containing the spread of Communism with the Marshall Plan and Stalin's opposition to it.
From 33:35 - 41:10 is a description of the Berlin Airlift and the establishment of NATO.
From 33:35 - 41:10 is a description of the Berlin Airlift and the establishment of NATO.